維他命E與心臟病
作者: Andrew Saul
心臟病在美國是頭號殺手，維他命E在預防/逆轉心臟病的功效，證據歷歷在目。
『新英格蘭醫學雜誌』發表的兩項具里程碑意義的研究，一學期83.9萬人中有12萬5千名男女健康照護人員，每天補充至少100IU的維他命E，罹患心臟病風險降低了59-66％。
研究根據生活型態不同做了調整（抽煙，體能活動，膳食纖維攝入量，服用阿司匹靈），以確定單單補充維他命E對心臟的效用。光攝取富含維他命E的食物跟補充維他命E相比，對保護心臟只能起輕微的作用，作者強調補充維他命E的必要性。
英國劍橋大學的研究人員說，被診斷出冠狀動脈硬化的患者，每天補充400 IU~800 IU的天然維他命E（d-α生育酚），能降低心臟病發作的風險達77％。
最早研究維他命E的研究人員和臨床醫師。Wilfrid和Evan Shute在過去幾十年裡，治療了約3萬名患者。發現一般健康的人，服用800IU的維他命E的有效形式d-α生育酚形式中，在預防與治療很多心臟狀況，能得到最大的益處。
『完全或幾近完全預防心絞痛發作，是稀鬆平常的。』心臟病專家Wilfrid Shute，M. D.所說：“完全或幾乎完全的心絞痛發作預防是α-生育酚治療的常見和預期結果。每日開立1,600 IU的維他命E，成功治療急性冠狀動脈血栓形成，急性風濕熱，慢性風濕性心臟病，高血壓性心臟病，糖尿病，急慢性腎炎，甚至燒傷，也用在整形外科和乳房組織增生。
如何作用
為何一個維他命可以治愈那麼多不同的疾病？因為缺乏一個營養素導致很多不同的疾病。
維他命E是身體脂質（脂肪）階段強大的抗氧化劑。可以預防低密度脂蛋白，由自由基反應引起的。保護細胞膜免於被氧化所破壞，對於預防與逆轉很多退
化性疾病至關重要。
此外，維他命E能抑制血液凝結（血小板聚集和粘連），並防止血塊擴大與破裂。
最後，它具有『抗發炎』特性，這在預防心臟病方面，也被證明非常重要。
除其他外，維他命E的補充：
※減少組織對氧氣需求。
※逐漸融解血塊，防止栓塞。
※改善側支循環。
※防止傷口癒合時結痂收縮。
※減少糖尿病患者對胰島素需求，達1/4。
※刺激肌肉力量。
※保留微血管壁。
※降低C反應蛋白和其他炎症指標
※流行病學證據也建議，每日補充維他命E可以減少罹患前列腺癌與阿茲海默症的風險。
如果所有美國人每天補充綜合維他命，綜合礦物質，外加維他命C，與維他命E，可挽救成千上萬人的生命一個月。
Vitamin E & Heart Disease
By Andrew Saul
Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States, and the evidence supporting vitamin E's efficacy in preventing and reversing heart disease is overwhelming.
Two landmark studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine [1][2] followed a total of 125,000 men and women health care professionals for a total of 839,000 person study-years. It was found that those who supplement with at least 100 IU of vitamin E daily reduced their risk of heart disease by 59 to 66%. The studies were adjusted for life-style differences (smoking, physical activity, dietary fiber intake, aspirin use) in order to determine the heart effect of vitamin E supplementation alone. Because a diet high in foods containing vitamin E as compared to the average diet further showed only a slight heart-protective effect, the authors emphasized the necessity of vitamin E supplementation.
Researchers at Cambridge University [3] in England reported that patients who had been diagnosed with coronary arteriosclerosis could lower their risk of having a heart attack by 77% by supplementing with 400 IU to 800 IU per day of the natural (d-alpha tocopherol) form of vitamin E.
Pioneer vitamin E researchers and clinicians Drs. Wilfrid and Evan Shute treated some 30,000 patients over several decades and found that people in average health received maximum benefit from 800 IU of the d-alpha tocopherol form of vitamin E. Vitamin E has been proven effective in the prevention and treatment of many heart conditions. "The complete or nearly complete prevention of angina attacks is the usual and expected result of treatment with alpha tocopherol" according to Wilfrid Shute, M. D., a cardiologist. Shute prescribed up to 1,600 IU of vitamin E daily and successfully treated patients for acute coronary thrombosis, acute rheumatic fever, chronic rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic nephritis, and even burns, plastic surgery and mazoplasia.
How it works
The reason one nutrient can cure so many different illnesses is because a deficiency of one nutrient can cause many different illnesses.
Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant in the body's lipid (fat) phase. It can prevent LDL lipid peroxidation caused by free radical reactions. Its ability to protect cell membranes from oxidation is of crucial importance in preventing and reversing many degenerative diseases.
In addition, vitamin E inhibits blood clotting (platelet aggregation and adhesion) and prevents plaque enlargement and rupture.
Finally, it has anti-inflammatory properties, which may also prove to be very important in the prevention of heart disease.
Among other things, vitamin E supplementation:
* reduces the oxygen requirement of tissues. [4]
* gradually melts fresh clots, and prevents embolism. [5]
* improves collateral circulation. [6]
* prevents scar contraction as wounds heal. [7]
* decreases the insulin requirement in about one-forth of diabetics. [8]
* stimulates muscle power. [9]
* preserves capillary walls. [10]
* reduces C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation [11]
* Epidemiological evidence also suggests that a daily supplement of vitamin E can reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer and Alzheimer's disease. [12, 13]
If all Americans daily supplemented with a good multivitamin-multimineral, plus extra vitamins C and E, it could save thousands of lives a month.
References
[1] Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1444-1449.
[2] Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ,Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1450-1456.
[3] Stephens, Nigel G., et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). The Lancet, Vol. 347, March 23, 1996, p 781-86.
[4] Hove, Hickman, and Harris (1945) Arch. Biochem. 8:395.
[5] Shute, Vogelsang, Skelton and Shute (1948) Surg., Gyn. and Obst. 86:1.
[6] Enria and Fererro (1951) Arch. per Ia Scienze Med. 91:23.
[7] Shute, Vogelsang, Skelton and Shute (1948) Surg., Gyn. and Obst. 86:1.
[8] Butturini (1950) Gior.di Clin. Med. 31:1.
[9] Percival (1951) Summary 3:55.
[10] Ames, Baxter and Griffith (1951) International Review of Vitamin Research 22:401.
[11] Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, et al. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 2000;342:836-843.
[12] Ni J, Chen M,Zhang Y,Li R,Huang J and Yeh S. Vitamin E succinate inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth via modulating cell cycle regulatory machinery. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 Jan 10;300 (2):357-63.
[13] Morris M C,Evans D A,Bienias J L,Tangney C C et al.Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease in a biracial community study. JAMA 287(24):3230-3237.
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