華為怎麼成了美國的主要威脅？
Bloomberg News
2019年1月23日 下午 06:55 Updated on 2019年1月29日 下午 04:34
華為是中國最全球化的公司之一，逐漸在美國與西方盟國之間佔有一席之地，正當它要搶攻最新無線科技也就是5G之際。經過多年的緊張局勢，這家電信龍頭四面楚歌，包括首席財務長在加拿大被捕，在美國的刑事案件以及在世界各地的新基礎建設中被除名的可能。新的緊張也來自中美貿易戰，中國的科技公司對美國總統川普而言是特別重視的問題。
1.為什麼美國對華為有點感冒？
該公司在中國受到優惠待遇，美國政府官員和民間企業長期以來一直懷疑它在為中國政府做事。美國永久情報委員會2012年發表的一份報告指稱，華為和中興通訊公司有潛在安全威脅，沒有緩解這份擔憂兩家公司都受到來自北京的壓力。報告也說到，華為拒絕說明1987年成立華為的創始人任正非，身為前人民解放軍工程師的軍事背景。美國對華為的擔心促使川普政權封鎖博通惡意收購美國高通公司（Qualcomm Inc.）此次交易可能削弱了美國對晶片和無線技術的投資，將全球領導地位拱手讓給華為。
二、為什麼那麼在乎設備
美國政府就像中國與其他國家，在重要的通訊上很怕引進國外的技術。擔心設備製造廠可能會留有後門讓自家人的情報單位趁機而入，或是公司自己就拱手交出敏感資料。
三、華為怎麼說？
它一直否認有幫助北京竊取其他政府或公司的資料，指出沒有人能提出證據證明這樣的指控。這家公司說，任與員工擁有這家公司，最近幾年開始放出消息，花更多錢在行銷預算，在更多國外媒體曝光，就是想表達自己的透明度。一月的時候，任，一項作風低調，告訴記者他公司所面臨的挑戰。包括孟晚舟，也就是他的女兒被捕。他當時說，他以過去的軍旅生涯以及共產黨員的身分為榮。拒絕透露他在承包北京的工程，或是華為有交出任何顧客資料。
四、孟、後來怎麼了
她在去年12月1號在加拿大被拘留，因為美國發出正式請求要引渡她，她涉及一樁案件，指控她詐騙銀行要結清所有帳戶，涉及美國對伊朗的制裁。孟也是副主席，否認犯行。孟在12月11號保釋，讓她在等待法院裁定過程，能待在加拿大的豪宅，她主要待在深圳，華為總公司。
五、有其他案例嗎？
民事案件回到2003年，思科系統公司控告華為侵犯其專利並非法複製路由器和交換器所使用的原始碼。華為刪除有爭議的代碼，手冊和指令界面，於是撤告。華為從其他美國公司竊取智慧財產權的指控浮出水面。摩托羅拉在2010年控告與前員工密謀竊取商業機密。該訴訟後來得到解決。2017年，陪審團又發現華為對於從T-Mobile公司竊取機器人技術有關，1月28日，司法部起訴華為盜竊與相關商業機密。同時，波蘭堅定的美國盟友，逮捕到一名華為的員工涉嫌從事為中國政府從事間諜工作。華為解雇該員工，否認參與該員工被指控的行為。
六、華為有多大？
只不過三十年內，它就從電子產品的經銷商一躍成為世界上最大的民營公司之一，電信設備，智慧手機，雲端計算、網絡安全，以及亞洲、歐洲，與非洲的營運方面處於領先地位。2019年銷售目標高達1250億美元，華為的收入超過家得寶或波音公司。它在5G投入數十億美元，現是中國國際與國內頂級專利申請者之一。幫助過10多個國家建立起5G網路，預計2020前還會在另20個國家設立5G網路。對高通直接的威脅，華為在設計自己的半導體。子公司HiSilicon所做的麒麟一系列行動處理器，與高通被韓國三星廣泛採用的晶片，以及其他全球智慧手機品牌。華為的鯤鵬系列正在挑戰英特爾在伺服器的主導地位。
7.其他中國公司是否感受到熱度？
是的。2018年中興通訊幾乎垮台，在美國商務部禁止它購買使用美國技術三個月，中興通訊幾乎崩潰。美國司法部控告國營福建金華積體電路，它的台灣合夥人和三人共謀竊取美國晶片製造商美光公司的商業機密。同一天，當時的司法部長傑夫賽遜說川普政府會更集中資源應對『中國經濟間諜』的威脅。
How Huawei Became a Target for the U.S. Government
Bloomberg News
2019年1月23日 下午 06:55 Updated on 2019年1月29日 下午 04:34
Huawei Technologies Co., one of China’s most-global companies, is increasingly in the cross-hairs of the U.S. government and its Western allies, just as it’s pushing for a leadership role in the new wireless standard known as 5G. After years of tension, the telecommunications giant is facing multiple battles, including the arrest in Canada of its chief financial officer, criminal charges in the U.S. and the prospect of being shut out of new infrastructure projects around the world. The wrangling also comes amid a growing U.S.-China trade war in which Chinese technology companies have been a particular bugbear for U.S. President Donald Trump.
1. Why does the U.S. have an issue with Huawei?
The company has enjoyed favorable treatment in China, and U.S. government officials and industry executives have long harbored suspicions that it works for Chinese government interests. A report released in 2012 by the U.S. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence tagged Huawei and ZTE Corp. as potential security threats, saying neither had assuaged concerns that they are subject to pressure from Beijing. The report also said Huawei refused to describe the “full military background” of Ren Zhengfei, the former People’s Liberation Army engineer who founded Huawei in 1987. U.S. concerns about Huawei drove last year’s decision by the Trump administration to block Broadcom Ltd.’s hostile takeover bid for the U.S. company Qualcomm Inc. The transaction could have curtailed American investments in chip and wireless technologies and handed global leadership in those spheres to Huawei.
2. Why does the equipment matter?
The U.S. government — like the Chinese and others — is wary of employing foreign technology for vital communications for fear that the equipment manufacturers could leave a back door that allows their home-country intelligence agencies to access information, or that the companies themselves would hand over sensitive data.
3. What does Huawei say?
It has repeatedly denied that it helps Beijing spy on other governments or companies, and points out that no one has provided any proof to support such charges. The company, which says it’s owned by Ren and its employees, has in recent years begun releasing results, spent more on marketing and engaged foreign media in an effort to boost transparency. In January, Ren, who is famously reclusive, spoke to reporters about the challenges facing his company, including the arrest of CFO Meng Wanzhou, who’s also his daughter. While he said he was proud of his military career and Communist Party membership, he rejected suggestions he was doing Beijing’s bidding or that Huawei handed over customer information.
4. What’s happening with Meng?
She was detained in Vancouver on Dec. 1 at the behest of the U.S., which has filed a formal request seeking her extradition as part of a criminal case alleging that she conspired to defraud banks into unwittingly clearing transactions linked to Iran in violation of U.S. sanctions. Both Meng, who is also deputy chairwoman, and the company have denied wrongdoing. Meng was granted bail Dec. 11, allowing her to stay in one of her luxury homes in Vancouver while the courts decide her fate. She lives mainly in Shenzhen, Huawei’s hometown.
5. Are there other cases?
Civil ones go way back. In 2003 Cisco Systems Inc. sued Huawei for allegedly infringing on its patents and illegally copying source code used in routers and switches. Huawei removed the contested code, manuals and command-line interfaces and the case was dropped. Other accusations that Huawei stole intellectual property from U.S. companies surfaced. Motorola sued in 2010 for allegedly conspiring with former employees to steal trade secrets. That lawsuit was later settled. In 2017 a jury found Huawei liable for stealing robotic technology from T-Mobile US Inc., and on Jan. 28 the justice department indicted Huawei for theft of trade secrets related to that case. Meanwhile, Poland, a staunch U.S. ally, arrested a Huawei employee on suspicion of spying for the Chinese government. Huawei fired the employee and denied any involvement in his alleged actions.
6. How big is Huawei?
In just over three decades it’s grown from an electronics re-seller into one of the world’s biggest private companies, with leading positions in telecommunications gear, smartphones, cloud computing and cybersecurity and operations in Asia, Europe and Africa. With a 2019 sales target of $125 billion, Huawei generates more revenue than Home Depot Inc. or Boeing Co. It’s plowed billions of dollars into 5G and is now among China’s top filers of patents both internationally and domestically. It has helped build 5G networks in more than 10 countries and expects to do the same in another 20 by 2020. In a direct threat to Qualcomm, Huawei is designing its own semiconductors. The Kirin series of mobile processors, made via subsidiary HiSilicon, compete with the Qualcomm Snapdragon chip employed extensively by Samsung Electronics Co. and other global smartphone brands. Huawei’s Kunpeng range is challenging Intel Corp.’s dominance in servers.
7. Are other Chinese companies feeling the heat?
Yes. ZTE almost collapsed after the U.S. Commerce Department banned it for three months in 2018 from buying American technology. The U.S. Justice Department has charged state-owned Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit Co., its Taiwanese partner and three individuals with conspiring to steal trade secrets from U.S. chipmaker Micron Technology Inc. The same day, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions said the Trump administration would be focusing more resources to counter threats of “Chinese economic espionage.”
留言列表
